One of your first tasks is to work with a senior engineering surveyor to establish a framework of control survey points for a new. The relative positions of detail points can be easily determined if these points are tied in to a local control station. Geodetic control surveys consist of triangulation, traverse, trilateration, gps. Photogrammetry is the practice of determining the geometric properties of objects from photographic images. Control survey definition, an accurate survey of a region forming a basis for more detailed surveys. The science of using aerial photography and other introduction er. By carrying out a traverse of a site we establish control points around the. More distances can be taken to strengthen accuracy of network. Control network densification and extension nysdot. The horizontal control consists of reference marks of known plan position, from which salient points of designed structures may be set out. Classes of control surveys there are two classes of control surveys namely. The data collection process 64 revised january, 2016 c.
The middle prism is suspended by fine wiring and reacts to gravity. Additionally it is necessary to add information which may provide a proper interpretation of the structure of coastal features. Requirements and procedures for control, design, and land surveys surveys division. Types of surveying on the basis of whether the curvature of the earth is taken into account or not,surveying can be divided into two main categories. Selection of photogrammetric points for control extension will be performed. Generally, it enables to know the composition of the earth. The loss control program must support and be in harmony with the overall objectives of productivity, quality, and profit. Barry kavanagh, tom mastin file specification extension pdf pages 600 size 18. Highway surveying manual page 1 january 2005 chapter control survey procedures 1 general control surveys establish a common, consistent network of physical points that are the basis for controlling the horizontal and vertical positions of transportation improvement projects and facilities. In some cases, much of the topographic surveying may be undertaken via photogrammetric processes. Principles and assumption landscape is curved and earth is spherical line of sight is not entirely straight because of refraction triangles formed during survey is spherical triangle hence curvature correction and refractive correction should be applied while calculating distance or height prakash kumar s. Chapter 15 construction survey procedures 1501 general in performing construction surveying, preparation is a major part of the operation. Geospatial program manager, any survey that is an extension of, or will tie. Azimuth pair elevations primary project control gps azimuth pairs user densification network c2ii order 1.
Quantity surveying and construction project financial control and reporting description this competency covers the effective cost control of construction projects during the construction phase. Extension of base line selected shorter length due to i not possible to get suitable site for longer base. All geodetic control surveys performed by or for the department shall be tied to the nsrs and reported on the nad83 cors96 or subsequent. Perform surveys related to the horizontal and vertical alignment of the project. Requirements and procedures for control surveys, design surveys.
Pdf introduction to control surveying matthew dimal academia. Also, it is unnecessary to annotate control points on every photograph. Introduction to engineering surveying ce 5 levelling. This manual is intended to be a general reference for surveying procedures performed by and for the. Is the making of precise measurements from photographs. Made to gather data to produce a topographic map showing the configuration of the terrain and the location of natural and manmade objects.
This chapter refers exclusively to control surveys accomplished solely for the purpose of extending or densifying the existing nsrs. April 2004 figure 1 the three main types of levels. Vertical control in topographic surveying, bench marks serve as starting and closing points for the leveling operations when you are locating details. Nor is it a substitute for surveying knowledge, experience or judgment. The classification of the control survey is essentially based on the accuracy of. Introduction to engineering surveying ce 5 levellingtheory.
At a later stage, surveying techniques are used in the dimensional control or setting out of the designed constructional elements and also in the monitoring of deformation movements. Trimble navigation limited is committed to excellence in product training services. A typical construction project is developed and planned in the context of coordinates. Although for some surveys the datum may be assumed, it is preferable that all elevations be tied to bench marks which are referred to the sealevel datum. Associate assessment quantity surveying and construction. Candidates should be aware of the principles of controlling and reporting costs on any construction project. Thus, in discipline, the measurements are taken only in the horizontal plane. Control point extension involves the manual photo measurement of. Solution manual for surveying barry kavanagh, tom mastin. These control surveys are used for accurate mapping projects in the construction of underground utility systems, roadways, power lines, tunnels, and many other. The control point surveying or table surveying are also quite effective in making a topographic map within a local survey. Geodetic and control surveying universiti sains malaysia. Study the contract plans, special provisions, standard plans, standard specifications, the. The geodetic surveying methods in the monitoring of large dams in portugal dr.
These surveys are of high precision and extend over large areas. The distance of control points measured depends on purpose and can vary up to tens of kilometres. The current version of em 111011004 was then retitled as geodetic and control surveying to reflect the revised scope. It may also be considered as an applied science, because field and office procedures rely upon a systematic body of knowledge. Control survey article about control survey by the free. The geodetic surveying methods in the monitoring of large. In these surveys, control is achieved by positioning details on the ground which may be identified in images. Types of surveying on the basis of whether the curvature of the earth is taken into account or not, surveying can be divided into two main categories. The gauges were connected through tidal bench marks to an extensive leveling network throughout the united states. Most of the mapping is done with aerial photographs. All geodetic control surveys performed by or for the department shall be tied to the nsrs and reported on the nad83 cors96 or subsequent adjustment and navd88. Surveying and mapping control extension by trilateration and conventional traverse shuhchai lee and anatol leo belkin, ohio department of highways a chain of 16 quadrilaterals approximately 6 miles in length along 171 was used to evaluate ground control extension by trilateration and conventional traverse. Survey control the nature of geographic information.
Surveying the scope of work for surveying activities may include. Horizontal project and corridor control surveys should be based on tied and adjusted to three or more hpgn or hpgnd stations. Pdf the purpose of the project was to carry out a horizontal and. Surveying is the art of making suitable measurements in horizontal or vertical planes. Pdf introduction to control surveying matthew dimal. Chapter horizontal control a system of control stations, local or universal, must be established to locate the positions of various points, objects, or details on the surface of the earth. A triangulation network consists of a series of single or overlapping triangles asshown below. Since collecting gcps is time consuming, photogrammetric techniques are accepted as the ideal approach for collecting gcps over large areas using photography rather than conventional ground surveying techniques. These points are established by a control survey and are up to tens of kilometres apart. Horizontal and vertical control survey along osogboogbomoso road, via ifon. Surveying is the art of determining the relative positions of different objects on the surface of the earth by measuring the horizontal distances between them, and by preparing a map to any suitable scale. All basic horizontal control shall be established by gps global positioning system.
According to demanded accuracy, instrument with reading of 0. It has a compensator which consists of an arrangement of three prisms. In engineering surveying, either or both of the above formats may be utilized in the planning, design and construction of works, both on the surface and underground. Unesco eolss sample chapters civil engineering vol. These days, most of the surveying instruments include a small computer inside, and data. This is one of the important subjects of civil engineering. I control point surveying and topographic mapping shoichi oki encyclopedia of life support systems eolss where a and b respectively are termed semimajor axis and semiminor axis of the ellipse where ba x 2212to express the character of an ellipse, flattening f as ab aand eccentricity eas.
Minor control points are the extension of the survey network and are based on trig beacons and town survey marks or from any working point with a survey. Made to determine the length and direction of land lines and to establish the position of these lines on the ground. Requirements and procedures for control surveys, design. Land surveyors measure horizontal positions in geographic or plane coordinate systems relative to previously surveyed positions called control points. The ahtd utilizes the aashto sdms survey data management system data format for survey data collection, processing, and data archives.
The type of surveying in which the mean surface of the earth is considered as a plane, or in which its spheroidal shape is. Srvy surveying in surveying including least squares analysis, geodesy, state plane coordinates, and the global positioning system. The classification of the control survey is essentially based on the accuracy of which the distances and directions of the lines inside their traverse, triangulation. The two outer ones are attached to the barrel of the telescope. Levelling is the art of representing relative positions in the vertical plane. The field of photogrammetry is one of the survey technologies to make a topographic map from the aerial photographs. Control networksextending control into networksas an alternative to traversing, the positions of control points for a constructionproject can be fixed using a network. Choosing either odd or even photos is preferable for annotating control points. A manual of underground surveying civil engineering. If a horizontal project control survey network tie to the nearest hpgn station or hpgnd station exceeds 20 kilometers, establishment of additional hpgnd stations shall be considered.
Geodesy is the science of measuring the size and shape of the earth. Ppt control surveying powerpoint presentation free to. The practice of surveying is an art, because it is dependent up on the skills, judgments and experience of surveyor. It is usual and convenient that such coordinates are derived from a network of control points. Made to establish the horizontal and vertical positions of arbitrary points. Geodetic surveying is when all distances and horizontal angles are projected onto the surface of the spheroid which represents mean sea level on the earth. Ibrahim mahamid civil engineering department, engineering faculty, university of hail, ksa. During the current update, structural deformation surveying portions of the 1994 manual were removed and incorporated into a separate technical manual. Highway surveying manual page 151 january 2005 chapter 15 construction survey procedures 1501 general in performing construction surveying, preparation is a major part of the operation. Survey field procedures manual prepared by the division of. Fixed control points are usually built as control stations monuments by government agencies.
Control survey uses geodetic methods to establish widely spaced vertical and horizontal control points. There are three categories of licensure in california. When marking control points on the photographs, use the following symbology. June 2012 introduction most people have an understanding that surveying is only restricted to field work on construction sites. At a minimum, all horizontal ground control placed as a result of this project shall be established at an accuracy level of first order or better. Without taking a survey of the plot where the construction is to be carried out, the work cannot begin. Introduction engineering works, such as large dams, need a careful safety control along its life span, since its failure might cause great losses in lives and property. For large structures primary and secondary control points are used. The type of surveying that takes into account the true shape of the earth. Scope of manual this manual, in general, covers divisionwide surveying policies and procedures and appropriate reference material.
759 157 56 660 1564 183 566 112 1506 788 87 1404 624 1361 953 304 333 913 698 1396 1042 1307 623 547 957 978 285 1148 924 969 1307 886 743 751